Tryit Editor v2.9

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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
.descendants * { 
    display: block;
    border: 2px solid lightgrey;
    color: lightgrey;
    padding: 5px;
    margin: 15px;
}
</style>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.12.2/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script>
$(document).ready(function(){
    $("ul").children("li.first").css({"color": "red", "border": "2px solid red"});
});
</script>
</head>

<body class="descendants">body (great-grandparent)
  <div style="width:500px;">div (grandparent)
    <ul>ul (direct parent)  
      <li class="first">li (child)
        <span>span (grandchild)</span>
      </li>
      <li class="second">li (child)
        <span>span (grandchild)</span>
      </li>
    </ul>   
  </div>
</body>

</html>