SQL WHERE Clause
The WHERE clause is used to filter records.
The SQL WHERE Clause
The WHERE clause is used to extract only those records that fulfill a specified criterion.
SQL WHERE Syntax
SELECT column_name,column_name
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name operator value;
Demo Database
In this tutorial we will use the well-known Northwind sample database.
Below is a selection from the "Customers" table:
CustomerID | CustomerName | ContactName | Address | City | PostalCode | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 |
Alfreds Futterkiste | Maria Anders | Obere Str. 57 | Berlin | 12209 | Germany |
2 | Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados | Ana Trujillo | Avda. de la Constitución 2222 | México D.F. | 05021 | Mexico |
3 | Antonio Moreno Taquería | Antonio Moreno | Mataderos 2312 | México D.F. | 05023 | Mexico |
4 |
Around the Horn | Thomas Hardy | 120 Hanover Sq. | London | WA1 1DP | UK |
5 | Berglunds snabbköp | Christina Berglund | Berguvsvägen 8 | Luleå | S-958 22 | Sweden |
WHERE Clause Example
The following SQL statement selects all the customers from the country "Mexico", in the "Customers" table:
Text Fields vs. Numeric Fields
SQL requires single quotes around text values (most database systems will also allow double quotes).
However, numeric fields should not be enclosed in quotes:
Operators in The WHERE Clause
The following operators can be used in the WHERE clause:
Operator | Description |
---|---|
= | Equal |
<> | Not equal. Note: In some versions of SQL this operator may be written as != |
> | Greater than |
< | Less than |
>= | Greater than or equal |
<= | Less than or equal |
BETWEEN | Between an inclusive range |
LIKE | Search for a pattern |
IN | To specify multiple possible values for a column |